Reference

Quick reference guides, command lookups, and technical documentation for Wazuh SIEM operations.

Quick References

Common Commands

Service Management

# Check status of all Wazuh services
systemctl status wazuh-indexer wazuh-manager wazuh-dashboard filebeat

# Restart services (in correct order)
systemctl restart wazuh-indexer
systemctl restart wazuh-manager
systemctl restart wazuh-dashboard
systemctl restart filebeat

# Stop all services
systemctl stop wazuh-dashboard filebeat wazuh-manager wazuh-indexer

# Start all services (in correct order)
systemctl start wazuh-indexer
systemctl start wazuh-manager
systemctl start wazuh-dashboard
systemctl start filebeat

Version Checks

# Check all component versions
dpkg -l | grep -E 'wazuh-(indexer|manager|dashboard)|filebeat'

# Manager version
/var/ossec/bin/wazuh-control info | grep VERSION

# Indexer version
curl -sk -u admin:admin https://127.0.0.1:9200/ | grep number

# API version
curl -k -u <user>:<password> https://localhost:55000/ | jq .data

Health Checks

# Cluster health
curl -sk -u admin:admin https://127.0.0.1:9200/_cluster/health?pretty

# Manager status
/var/ossec/bin/wazuh-control status

# Agent list
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -l

# API connectivity
curl -k -u <user>:<password> https://localhost:55000/

Log Analysis

# Check manager logs
tail -f /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log

# Check indexer logs
journalctl -u wazuh-indexer -f

# Check dashboard logs
journalctl -u wazuh-dashboard -f

# Check for errors (last 50 lines)
journalctl -u wazuh-manager -n 50 --no-pager -p err
journalctl -u wazuh-indexer -n 50 --no-pager -p err

Disk Usage

# Overall disk usage
df -h

# Wazuh data directories
du -sh /var/ossec/*
du -sh /var/lib/wazuh-indexer/*

# Find large files
find /var/ossec -type f -size +100M -exec ls -lh {} \;

Agent Management

# List all agents
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -l

# List active agents
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -lc

# List disconnected agents
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -l | grep -i "never connected\|disconnected"

# Get agent information
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -i <agent_id>

# Restart agent remotely
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -R -a

# Remove agent
/var/ossec/bin/manage_agents -r <agent_id>

Configuration Files

# Manager configuration
/var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf

# Indexer configuration
/etc/wazuh-indexer/opensearch.yml

# Dashboard configuration
/etc/wazuh-dashboard/opensearch_dashboards.yml

# Filebeat configuration
/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml

# Agent groups
/var/ossec/etc/shared/

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Service Won't Start

# Check service status
systemctl status wazuh-manager

# Check journal logs
journalctl -u wazuh-manager -n 100 --no-pager

# Check configuration syntax
/var/ossec/bin/wazuh-control check

# Verify ports are available
netstat -tlnp | grep -E '1514|1515|55000|9200|5601'

Agents Not Connecting

# Check manager connectivity
telnet <manager-ip> 1514

# Check agent status
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -l

# Review agent logs
tail -f /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log

# Check firewall rules
iptables -L -n | grep -E '1514|1515'

High Disk Usage

# Check indexer disk usage
curl -sk -u admin:admin https://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/allocation?v

# Clean old indices
curl -sk -u admin:admin -X DELETE https://127.0.0.1:9200/wazuh-alerts-4.x-2025.01.*

# Check log rotation
ls -lh /var/ossec/logs/archives/

Dashboard Not Accessible

# Check dashboard service
systemctl status wazuh-dashboard

# Check port binding
netstat -tlnp | grep 5601

# Review dashboard logs
journalctl -u wazuh-dashboard -n 100 --no-pager

# Test indexer connectivity from dashboard
curl -sk -u admin:admin https://127.0.0.1:9200/

Monitoring

Key Metrics to Monitor

# CPU and Memory usage
top -b -n 1 | grep -E "wazuh|java|node"

# Service uptime
systemctl status wazuh-manager | grep Active

# Agent count
/var/ossec/bin/agent_control -l | wc -l

# Event rate
tail -n 1000 /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log | grep -c "INFO:"

# Index size
curl -sk -u admin:admin https://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/indices?v

Performance Tuning

# Check Java heap size (Indexer)
cat /etc/wazuh-indexer/jvm.options | grep "^-Xm"

# Indexer thread pool
curl -sk -u admin:admin https://127.0.0.1:9200/_cat/thread_pool?v

# Manager process limits
grep ossec /etc/security/limits.conf

Security

User Management

# List API users
curl -k -u <user>:<password> https://localhost:55000/security/users

# Create API user
curl -k -u <admin>:<password> -X POST \
  https://localhost:55000/security/users \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '{"username":"newuser","password":"newpass"}'

Certificate Management

# Check indexer certificates
openssl x509 -in /etc/wazuh-indexer/certs/node.pem -text -noout

# Check dashboard certificates
openssl x509 -in /etc/wazuh-dashboard/certs/dashboard.pem -text -noout

# Certificate expiry
openssl x509 -in /etc/wazuh-indexer/certs/node.pem -noout -dates

Configuration Examples

Custom Rules

Location: /var/ossec/etc/rules/local_rules.xml

<group name="custom,">
  <rule id="100010" level="5">
    <if_sid>5716</if_sid>
    <srcip>10.0.0.0/8</srcip>
    <description>SSH login from internal network</description>
  </rule>
</group>

Custom Decoders

Location: /var/ossec/etc/decoders/local_decoder.xml

<decoder name="custom-app">
  <program_name>myapp</program_name>
</decoder>

<decoder name="custom-app">
  <parent>custom-app</parent>
  <regex>^(\S+) - (\S+)</regex>
  <order>user, action</order>
</decoder>

API Reference

Common API Calls

# Get cluster status
curl -k -u <user>:<password> https://localhost:55000/cluster/status

# List agents
curl -k -u <user>:<password> https://localhost:55000/agents

# Get agent details
curl -k -u <user>:<password> https://localhost:55000/agents/001

# Restart agent
curl -k -u <user>:<password> -X PUT https://localhost:55000/agents/001/restart

# Get manager info
curl -k -u <user>:<password> https://localhost:55000/manager/info

Important Paths

/var/ossec/                     # Main Wazuh directory
├── bin/                        # Executables
├── etc/                        # Configuration files
│   ├── ossec.conf             # Main config
│   ├── shared/                # Agent group configs
│   └── rules/                 # Detection rules
├── logs/                       # Log files
│   ├── ossec.log              # Main log
│   ├── alerts/                # Alert logs
│   └── archives/              # Event archives
├── queue/                      # Processing queues
└── var/                        # Runtime data

/var/lib/wazuh-indexer/         # Indexer data
/etc/wazuh-indexer/             # Indexer config
/etc/wazuh-dashboard/           # Dashboard config
/etc/filebeat/                  # Filebeat config

External Resources

• Official Wazuh Documentation
• Wazuh API Reference
• Wazuh GitHub
• Community Forum

Additional Guides

For detailed procedures, see: - Runbooks - Checklists - Upgrade Guides